Exploring science,
sharing knowledge.
Writing about computer science, low-level systems, AI experiments, and things I've built.
Type Qualifiers
The three C type qualifiers — const, volatile, and restrict — what they mean, and how to apply them to variables, pointers, and objects.
ArticleRFC
What an RFC is, how the RFC Editor works, the types of RFCs, the Internet standards track, and the tradition of joke RFCs.
ArticleProcessor Modes
Why grouping similar CPU instructions together improves performance by reducing mode-switching overhead, illustrated with the Pentium MMX example.
ArticleNull Pointer
Why NULL is reserved for pointer operations in C, how it is defined, and why mixing it with integer zero causes problems.
GDB step-by-step debugging
A practical walkthrough of debugging C programs with GDB — breakpoints, watchpoints, and reading stack frames.
TutorialWhat is GCC
The history of GCC — from Richard Stallman's original release to the EGCS merger, GPL licensing, and Windows support.
TutorialUsing GCC
How to compile single and multi-source C programs with GCC — object files, the -g flag, -c flag, -I flag, and PATH setup.
IBM 701 — The Speed Demon
IBM's first commercially available scientific computer, introduced in 1953 and born from the demands of the Korean War.
HistoryFortran (1957)
The world's first high-level programming language, created by John Backus at IBM to make programming accessible beyond assembly.
HistoryCOBOL (1959)
The business programming language born from a Pentagon-led collective effort, designed with "maximum use of Simple English" in mind.